UPPER CRUST
Fat is key to pie crust, but how do the different fats influence texture and flavor?
BUTTER: Tricky to work with because it melts fast, butter is nevertheless a much-preferred fat. There's no substitute for the delicious flavor it gives a crust.
LARD: It reaches higher temperatures than butter, leaving behind big pockets where steam builds up during baking. The result: a tender, flaky crust. Mix with butter for better flavor.
SHORTENING: Easier to work with than butter (its high melting temperature helps crusts hold their shape) and cheaper than high-quality lard, it's a favorite of restaurant chefs.)